Survey Maps
Three glaciers and their downslope Neoglacial deposts, along with two rock glaciers, were surveyed using a theodolite and stadia in the 1978, 1979, and 1980 field seasons. The theodolite and stadia measurement and horizontal and vertical angle data were processed and coverted to a format appropriate for map generation (seen below) with programs James Ellis wrote for a Texas Instruments hand-held calculator in the early 1980's.
These field survey measurements and maps could be integrated with a new DEM generated from the USGS 1979 aerial photographs to generate a relatively high resolution and reliable 1978-80 DEM. Documenting glacier and rock glacier shape/volume change over the past 40+ years could be done by orthorectifying and generating a new present-day DEM using high spatial resolution, optical satellite image or by using a mapping drone. Ground control points collected at these five sites using GPS or field survey tools would further validate the accuracy and usefulness of the new DEMs and the 1978-80 survey maps. Models documenting change in shape and volume could then be correlated with Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) weather records from Atigun Pass and Pumping Stations. Geck and others (2012, Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research journal) reconstructed digital elevation models (DEMs) from topographic maps (from 1970 and 1973) that were differenced from a 2001 interferometric synthetic aperture radar DEM to calculate the volume and mass changes of 107 glaciers covering 42 km2 (1970/1973) in the central Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A.
Buffalo Glacier, 1979
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Marmot Glacier, 1979-80
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Grizzly Glacier, 1978
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Jaeger Rock Glacier, 1978
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Pika Rock Glacier, 1978
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Grizzly Glacier, 1980
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Grizzly Glacier and TAPS, 10 Aug 1980
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Buffalo Glacier, 12 June 1978
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Marmot Glacier, 2 Jul 1978
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